Pressures Of Higher Education Essay

It is a brisk day in October, and all the leaves are crackling as every college student around the country is headed to his or her library, trying to get some studying in for the next exams. Some fully understand the subject matter and will constantly pressure themselves to keep on getting better; Others do not fully understand the subject mater and are too busy thinking about how they intend to pay for this class again once they fail. Most belong somewhere in the middle, constantly contemplating why they even put the stress of higher education onto themselves. Higher education is the catalyst to advancing our society to unknown boundaries. The pressures that come along with higher education vary from relaxed to extremely exhausting. These pressures are showcased nonstop in community colleges, state universities and lastly Ivy League private universities. While community colleges have often been looked down upon as a relaxed version of actual higher education, community colleges have been proven to raise the amount of pressure and stress on the enrolled students. The levels of difficulty of the curriculums are indeed lower than those of other colleges and universities. That is not necessarily a bad thing knowing that the typical student enrolled in community college either was not fully prepared for the challenge of other colleges or universities, or they just were not financially ready to make that step up. These struggling students need more time to work on their problems. Students can pursue an Associates Degree in their major without feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of trying to get a bachelor’s degree too early, leading them into failing grades. The students that are enrolled simply because of not having the financial means to enroll into other colleges and universities tend to have a high level of stress, not because they feel stunned by the subject matter, but because of the opposite. Not feeling challenged enough can create pressure on them because they do not feel as if they are getting the education they truly deserve. Community college may come off as a pressure free area, but in reality it has its pressure provoking aspects like all other outlets of higher education. The pressures of state universities are easily visible from the outside vantage point. To start, the number of majors offered at state universities is astounding. Most people that are given that much choice tend to realize that they do not really know what they want to major in. This epiphany leads them into declaring undecided. To go along with the high number of majors, the curriculums of all these majors often are just as breathtaking in difficultly. The number of students to teacher ratio is usually staggering, which creates more pressure for a student to grasp the concepts the first time. The tuition for state universities averages around twenty thousand annually. Most full time students cannot afford this price; therefore, students are forced to rely heavily on financial aid and scholarships. When that many people are competing for the same pile of assets, some tend to get left without enough. This increases the focus on the pressure of finding enough money for every semester’s expensive needs instead of focusing on the actual classes they are paying for. Even though the average students that attend a state university tend to have more control over the pressures of higher education, they can still feel the pressure. The pressures of higher education are substantially more evident in Ivy League students, due to the utmost need to succeed. The term â€Å"Ivy League† is defined as a group of long established eastern colleges and universities having high academic and social prestige. It is not hard to understand why the Ivy League schools are in their own prestigious bubble of higher education. Every student that enrolls in these schools was once part of the highly pressured top five percent of his or her high school. These students often have a genuinely hard time with transitioning from a fairly easy curriculum into their new extremely rigorous curriculums. A smooth transition is needed in order to earn a degree from their respective schools. Without that smooth transition, the students will start to feel overwhelmed, and the pressure will overcome them. Another contributing factor of pressure in Ivy League schools is the fact that the prices of attending these schools match the arduousness . The average tuition for an Ivy League school reaches into figures above fifty thousand annually. Grants, scholarships and financial aid play a very substantial part in full time students’ lives. If they were to receive unsatisfactory grades, then they would lose everything. Being forced to find a way to pay that much for their education would pressure them into dropping out, effectively ruining every high aspiration that student once had. Even though the Ivy League students have tremendous control over pressure, the pressures of higher education like money and making perfect grades, can lead to the failure of an otherwise perfect student. It does not matter whether a student is enrolled in a basic community college, state university or an Ivy League school, students will be faced with pressured situations. For a community college student, the pressures of worrying about not being fully ready for the challenges of college, or just not having the financial means to pay for it, will present themselves. Having control over how pressure affects them, and having the means for state universities, does not guarantee you will be ready for the feeling of being lost in the crowd instead of being an individual. Even though you would assume Ivy League attendees are perfect, sometimes the pressures of having to live up to that standard can overwhelm the student. No matter the level of difficultly, pursuing higher education will always create pressure on a student; the different routes of higher education will just affect the student in their own unique ways.

Animal Farm and Lord of the Flies

The two novels, Animal Farm by George Orwell and Lord of the Flies by William Golding were both written over 50 years ago, meaning there is much to be said about both. All you have to do is type in the name of each of the novels into Google and out pops tonnes of information about each. If someone were to research enough of the two books they would be able to see that they are quite similar in plot and themes. Both books take a look at a newly built society which is slowly destroyed by the characters or people within them.The concept of one having power over the rest is what corrupts the societies and ends in death and adversity for all others within the society. The authors both use their characters in the novels to portray what society might be like in that type of situation and use their actions to demonstrate how it can fall apart if the correct steps are not taken to maintain a functioning society. Therefore, both authors show how power can corrupt a society and create great har dship for the people ruled through its stimulating characters and their fraught actions.The main characters in both of the books are the ones who ultimately cause the societies to crumble. In Animal Farm George Orwell uses pigs to satire the leadership of Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky and how they manipulated their people into thinking what they are doing is right (NovelGuide). The pigs led a revolution on the farm owner to take the farm and leave it in the hands of all of the animals, instead of man. They stated that the farm would be run by the animals with no rules other then that to never act like a human (Orwell).Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which (Orwell 88). At the start of the revolution, there was no clear ‘leader’ of the anima ls and they did as they pleased, however the much smarter pigs started changing some of the rules that were set forth to make sure none of the animals would behave the way the humans had.The much smarter pigs took advantage of all of the other animals and started changing rules, giving them increasingly more power over the group. In the end, the power hungry pigs ended up becoming exactly what they set out to destroy, humans. The result of this corruption of power ended with a couple animals dying and others working night and day endlessly. In the novel Lord of the Flies author William Golding uses children lost on a deserted island to represent a newly formed society.Two boys choose to take different approaches to surviving on the island and running the rest of the group, so they split up into their own little societies. Jack, one of the leaders chooses a more violent role of surviving; he disagrees with the methods of Ralph (the other leader) and takes command of most of the boys (Golding). Jack began his adventure on the island as a normal boy just like any of the others, however after he was elected into power by all of his friends, it quickly got to his head. â€Å"I agree with Ralph. We've got to have rules and obey them.After all, we're not savages. We're English, and the English are best at everything. So we've got to do the right things† (Golding 42). The power which is corrupting Jack causes him to do many things no person would think of doing while trying to survive (Bookrags). In the end, Jack’s power ended in the deaths of two boys and the utter destruction of an island. All in all, power was what lead the main characters in each of the novels to corrupt a society they had longed to be apart of, leading to deaths of others and the hardship of the rest.Both the pigs and Jack used manipulation and their power to control the others in their respective societies. Within Animal Farm the pigs used their smarts to out wit and manipulate the others into giving them power over the rest. When the revolution first happened, the animals established ‘The Seven Commandments’ which consisted of rules preventing any animal from acting like a human (Golding). Over time the farm animals grew suspicious of the pigs actions and reverted back to ‘The Seven Commandments’, which was no use since the pigs were the only ones that could read, and they changed the rules in their favour.‘It says, â€Å"No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets†,’ she announced finally. Curiously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so (Orwell 42). Over time the pigs became more and more like the humans, and with no questions asked as well since none of the animals understood what the pigs were up too. The pigs used the saying â€Å"Four legs good, two legs bad† to justify most of their actions to the less inte lligent animals (NeoEnglishSystem). The pigs rise to power andthe corruption of the animal farm was aided by the smarts the pigs possessed over the other less clever animals. In Lord of the Flies, main character Jack uses persuasion and other un-ethical tactics to recruit other children into joining his ‘group’. Some of these tactics include threatening and bribing the others in order for him to gain power over the majority of the kids on the island (Bookrags). Jack’s methods of gaining the majority of the boys on the island results in him having complete power of what goes on, on the island.â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood! † (Golding 168). Jack orders an attack on the so called ‘monster’ that is living on the island with them. Without second guessing him, his tribe attacks the ‘monster’ which turns out to be one of the boys. All in all, the corruption of the others in the society by the leaders using manipul ation and other methods to gain power is what leads to the ultimate demolition of the two novels societies.Due to their mad hunt for power and the means they went through to achieve it, the pigs and Jack had a bunch of repercussions for their actions against their respective societies. The pigs used their brains as a way to gain power and control of their group of animals, however by doing this it resulted in the deaths of a couple of the animals as well as the expulsion of one of the other pigs (Orwell). About half the animals on the farm rushed out to the knoll where the windmill stood. There lay Boxer, between the shafts of the cart, his neck stretched out, unable to even raise his head.His eyes were glazed, his sides matted with sweat. A thin stream of blood had trickled out of his mouth (Orwell 74). Even though the pigs are the ones that organized the revolution on the humans, they ended up becoming what they had feared. They over worked the other farm animals and made them thi nk it was all for a better cause (NeoEnglishSystem). Lord of the Flies’ main character Jack also had major repercussions for his actions. Jack did not put him self in the leadership role, he was chosen by Ralph to help him run the group of boys.Things quickly got out of hand for Jack and he soon wanted to lead all of the boys by himself instead of with Ralph. Jack’s actions to get into power are what corrupted the small society of boys and those actions came with the repercussions of death for two of the boys and the near death experience for another. If anyone peered under the bushes and chanced to glimpse human flesh it might be sameric who would pretend not to see and say nothing. He laid his cheek against the chocolate coloured earth, licked his dry lips and closed his eyes.Under the thicket, the earth was vibrating very slightly; or perhaps there was a sound beneath the obvious thunder of the fire and scribbled ululations that was too low to hear (Golding 220). Ja ck told his tribe that they needed to kill Ralph and the only way to find him was to burn the jungle down. Ralph ran for his life away from the blood thirsty tribe of children and the fire (Cliffnotes). Jack’s actions to gain power have dire repercussions for the two boys who ended up dying and Ralph who was chased and nearly killed if he had not ran into a Naval Officer.All in all, the actions of the main characters who attempted to gain power over the others in the society were what eventually lead to the corruption of both societies. In conclusion, both William Golding and George Orwell do an amazing job of demonstrating how power can corrupt a society by using their characters in their novels. Both of the novels give the reader an insightful look at how society might be if the leaders of our countries grew corrupt with the power that they held over the rest of society.

Aaron Beck †The father of cognitive therapy Essay

Aaron T. Beck is considered the father of cognitive therapy was born on July 18, 1921 in Providence Rhode Island. His mother, Elizabeth Temkin, married his father, Harry Beck, in 1909. He is the youngest of five children. Aaron Beck notes that his mother was quite depressed prior to his birth due to the loss of two of her children. Beck was born two years after his only sister died of influenza. He believed himself to be a replacement child for his sister. Beck says he takes joy in the idea that, even at a young age, he was able to cure his mother’s depression. Beck attended Brown University and received many awards and honors in academic excellence. He graduated magna cum laude. After graduating from Brown University he went on to receive his medical degree and then his PH.D from Yale. During his internship, Aaron Beck met Phyllis Whitman. She was a student at the Hillel Foundation, the girls’ school at Brown University. The couple married on June 4, 1950, in Providence. She completed a law degree while raising their four children. She served as a superior court judge in Pennsylvania. Beck became interested in psychoanalysis while doing his internship at Rhode Island Hospital. Although Beck spent most of his career studying psychoanalysis, in the 1960’s Beck’s research deviated significantly from traditional psychoanalytic methods, focusing instead on distorted thoughts that led to problematic behaviors. He struggled to find a way to help his depressed client’s better capture their emotions. He realized that many of his depressed clients experienced recurring negative thought and that as long as they believed these thoughts to be true, they would continue to have symptoms of depression. He theorized that in order to change the symptoms, he much change their distorted thinking. This belief led to the development of cognitive behavioral therapy. (Famous psychologist) Beck took a position at the University of Pennsylvania in 1954 in the psychiatry department, which is where he developed the depression research clinic. Beck began to work more intensely on his cognitive approach to depression, In1952, he published his first psychiatric article, a case study about treatment of schizophrenic delusion. It was the first of numerous publications he made that were later on recognized as significant precursor to the development of cognitive therapy. In 1961, he developed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The BDI is one of the most widely used and referenced scales of depression. It is a 21 item scale that uses a Likert scale to determine the  severity of depression symptoms. Even though the scale is now revered as one of the well-constructed scales and useful, those in the psychiatric department at Penn did not receive the idea so well. In 1967, Beck became an associate professor; however, he only received a one year extension on his depression grant. Beck stared working from home, and this turned out to be just what he needed, and he produced his first book, Depression: Clinical Experimental and Theoretical Aspects. From here his work at the University of Pennsylvania began to pick up, and in 1971 he was awarded full professor status.

Macroeconomics Environment of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Macroeconomics Environment of Business - Essay Example Moreover the population and area of India is much larger than the combined area of all countries under EU. On the other hand there is the example of USSR breaking up into 14 smaller countries. Ruble was the currency of a unified USSR, but now the newly formed countries have come out with their own currencies while still accepting Ruble. This system as working fine as well. In fact success of any unified currency depends largely upon the sincerity and integrity of member states. In the case of EU the member countries don’t have a history of fierce rivalry or enmity like between Israel and Palestine (or other gulf countries), India and Pakistan or the cold war between US and USSR. So far each member has displayed maturity and commitment towards the unification move, recognizing the potential of unity for all. Moreover these are early days and initial hiccups are bound to crop up. To think that there should’ve been multiple currencies only because there have been such an a rrangement in past means we’re not taking lessons from history. Think about the multiplicity of efforts and resources that are required to maintain two types of currencies simultaneously. Under such circumstances, if all 12 member countries use their own currency together with EMU, at times the chauvinistic feeling also crop up which may bring up the thought of putting one’s country’s currency over that of the unified currency (which in totality means nobody’s currency).

Healthcare Industry Overview Grid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Industry Overview Grid - Essay Example If it looks as if there is a market big enough to make a profitable product, the product is unique in the market and the product can be protected (via patenting or some other means) then businesses are commonly encouraged to dive into the expensive product development phase. Pharmaceutical/ Drug Industry is mainly responsible for developing, producing and marketing drugs that have been approved by the health authorities or governing agencies McGuire et.al, 2007) These drugs are mainly intended for medicinal purposes. Pharmaceutical companies can sell generic or branded medications. However, distribution and selling of such medicines are subject to variety of laws since there are issues regarding patenting, testing and marketing of drugs. The government is very strict in monitoring the pharmaceutical industry since the health of the general public is at stake. Health care personnel can be employed by pharmaceutical companies as medical technologists, chemists, or researchers. Usually, medical and sales representatives are also needed by this industry. Biotechnology researchers are in demand in this industry as well as laboratory assistants. Health Information Systems falls under the category of Health Informatics. It is a multi-disciplinary approach wherein computer science is integrated in health care services. A good health information system integrates â€Å"administrative files, enrollment files, clinical information, surveys and other data† (McGlynn,1998). Companies that offer Health Information Systems provide software services as well as database systems that can help health professionals make accurate decisions about patients. Some of the services provided by HIS are Health Information Management, dictation and transcription, document management and imaging, case management, revenue cycle management, and performance improvement. Health Information Systems

LOrea Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

LOrea Company - Essay Example L’Oreal is renowned for its overseas expansion processes and continues to expand its operations in various countries across the world. L’Oreal is one of the largest players in the cosmetics industry and focuses extensively on increasing their market share and profitability by capturing a heterogeneous variety of markets all across the globe. The global expansion processes should be categorised effectively by proper market research to understand the feasibility of launching different products according to the market demands. From the analysis of host markets’ selection criteria, it can be concluded that the company can enjoy a premium product market in the developed countries such as USA and UK. The buying behaviour of most customers of cosmetic products in these two markets is characterised by luxurious and high-end beauty products. The Asia-Pacific market is also developing, where the company can penetrate through products of wide price ranges as the target cust omers in this market are from different income levels and have different buying behaviours and lifestyles. From the macro environment analysis of host markets it can be concluded that the political and economic scenario of developed markets such as USA and UK are favourable for their business whereas mainly the political scenario in developing countries such as India and China are less favourable for foreign player entrants in these market.

Bullying and Cyber Bullying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bullying and Cyber Bullying - Research Paper Example It is quite possible that a number of parents remain unaware about the fact that their child is being bullied at school or in the neighborhood; as many children might not complain about being bullied. In other cases, where children do complain about being bullied, their parents, caregivers, or school teachers might not take such complaints seriously. Thus, it is important that parents should take interest in whatever is going on in the school lives of their children, so that if they detect any disturbing signs in them, they can address the issue instantly. Keeping in view the rapidly growing rates of bullying in school, it is imperative for the teachers and the parents not to ignore the complaints of children regarding bullying. â€Å"Use of the three criteria of intention, repetitiveness, and imbalance of power for classification of behaviour as bullying seems now to be well accepted among both researchers and practitioners (e.g. Smith & Brain, 2000)† (Jimerson 11). When children interact with each other, they act and respond according to their individual behaviors. In general, they can either show normal or hyper active, or sensitive, or aggressive behaviors, depending upon the type of situation they find themselves in. Bullying is such type of behavior that has three distinct qualities: intention, repetitiveness and imbalance of power. Bullying is definitely not an unintentional behavior. A bully intentionally hurts the other child by identifying his/her weakness or sensitivity. It is normal for children to fight or quarrel during playtime. Normally, their quarrels are resolved within no time and they start playing again. But in a situation where one child is intentionally hurting the other, then they both might be gradually adopting the roles of a bully and the bullied, respectively. Their quarrels would not settle on their own but would

Lit review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lit review - Essay Example 000 as command center for the acquisition of equipment and supplies of all the armed services – RAF, Navy and ground forces – representing a major restructuring in defense culture and processes. This major command was created precisely to improve logistics acquisition by moving from a functional to a project-based organizational structure. Under the DLO, a total of 144 Integrated Project Teams were organized, one for each type of military equipment and supplies. Each IPT has its own set of assembly staff, logisticians, engineers, contractors and financial team, operating much like a business organization. Lysons, K. and Farrington, B. (2006)note that the Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (PSCM) concept was started in February 2001 to reduce costs as soon as possible and improve overall performance by addressing the following concerns: supplies concerns consumable items or those equipment components that can be easily repaired. Even in the US Air Force, the difficulty of finding cheap consumable parts is blamed for 40 per cent of aircraft downtime. To handle this specific problem, the IPTs created the positions of supply Range Managers (RMs) under its wing to exclusively attend to the problem of high procurement costs. In effect, the Range Managers were handed the decision-making task of finding the methods of procurement and selection of suppliers that would translate into cost-efficient defense spending. As decision-makers, the Range Managers are expected to formulate measures that would cut costs and make their organization more efficient and viable. But the task of making decisions for an organization is not as easy as it seems. Any organization is a technical instrument for mobilizing human energies and directing them toward set goals. Janczak, 2005. The main function of the organization is decision-making which entails planning, evaluating and implementing. These decision-making processes may be disrupted by petty politics and

Historic Richmondtown in Staten Island NY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Historic Richmondtown in Staten Island NY - Essay Example One major concern for the site is ultimately preserving the historic character of the town. Without question modern influences encroach on the landscape but maintaining infrastructure that is true to the character of the region does represent a significant logistical concern. According to OGrady (2000) it is the case that one of the signature bridges of the region (The Richmond Creek Bridge) which was built in 1845 has been so degraded over time that it needs serious infrastructure renewal. The main concern with repairing this bridge is that there are significant costs associated with restoring structures to their original form. The department of infrastructure had to award a $295,000 contract to a engineering firm to simply assess the feasibility of restoring the bridge to its original form. From this perspective one could discuss the matter of whether or not a structure that had to be extensively renovated is actually a piece of living history. Without question the physical maintaining of the historic properties is a daunting task insofar as according to Larrivee (2008) the historic buildings represent a wide range of conditions and repair. So it could be argued that owing to the wide spectrum or building states adds not only character but also in helps to improve the historical element of the historic site. Because visitors can witness properties and building sites in complete original form, mid-repair and, post reparation means that visitors can view a better range, rather than a single rebuild site or completely decrepit abandoned site. Schmitt, A (2009) Historic Richmond Town: The American Experience from the 17th Century Until Today. Historic Richmond Town website. [online] Available at http://www.historicrichmondtown.org/ Accessed on September 15th

Improving Performance through Learning, Coaching & Development Essay

Improving Performance through Learning, Coaching & Development - Essay Example Recruiting and retaining good performers in this industry is faced with much difficulty as the attrition rate is very high compared to other industries. So to retain and attract high performing employees, especially when there is high competition in this industry, it is important for the company to design and implement an effective training and development system which will help the company to support the employees growth and aspirations and also give the company a competitive advantage over the other players in the industry. Training and development plays a critical role in making a call center work successfully by ensuring a positive work environment and ensures the satisfaction of employees by supporting and guiding them and thereby providing them opportunities to grow. The report is being designed with the objective of improving the performance of the employees through an effective process of training and development in Endeavour, an outsourcing company operating in the UK and in India with approximately 5000 employees across the three sites maintained by the business. Identification of Training and Development needs The main drivers of a training and development program in an outsourcing business are new business opportunities, changes in customer requirements, management planning and changes in technology (Mayben, 1999, p.293). Taking up new business opportunities create the need for additional training and awareness. Often the launch of a new product or aiming at a new target group require proper training to be imparted to the call center agents. Industry issues arising newly also require additional training to review the processes and the work systems. Management planning is required in areas of resource management, specific technologies, queuing processes and real-time management. To support managers in these areas continuous training and development should be imparted so that the managers are aware of the new trends and developments in the industry. T he introduction of new technologies in the business often requires training to be given to the employees to make them skilled to operate new systems and use unique technologies like reporting systems, online desktop tools and specialized telephones (Holman, 2000, p. 69). Also the soft skills of pitching a product, selling through different media and customer service are taught to the employees through new training programs. The increase in the level of customer expectations may often lead to unsatisfied customers. Training should be given in these cases to redefine the processes and the systems. Political or regulatory changes often lead to customers asking questions and the agents are liable to answer. So, they must be trained to handle these concerns so as to save the company from any negative publicity or legal action (Solomon, 2001, p.17). The competition in this industry is high making it difficult to retain skilled employees. The need to retain talent within the organization i s another important driver for training systems. The key objectives of a call center training process include the alignment with the organizational objectives involving senior management guidance, improving quality and

Creative Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Creative Story - Essay Example Her parents did not educated her after the elementary school. Instead, her mother taught her how to cook food, wash clothes, and take care of the family in different ways. She was an obedient girl and her parents were very happy with her. Bharti’s parents, Sukaina and Ramlal, wanted to marry their daughter to an educated, rich, and well-settled man. They had raised a decent girl and wanted to see her future even brighter. They wanted their daughter to have all that they had always craved for when they were as young as she. They wanted their daughter to have a large and beautiful home, preferably somewhere abroad where their daughter could enjoy a high standard of living. They wanted to find a rich, loving, and caring husband for their daughter. Bharti’s grandmother suffered from terminal illness and wanted to see her granddaughter married before her death. Bharti’s parents felt even more obliged to intensify their search for Bharti’s groom to fulfill the l ast wish of the dying grandmother. They wanted to find someone for their daughter within a week, if possible, and the sooner, the better. Bharti’s father approached a marriage bureau. The marriage bureau was a small office in the 3rd floor of Rubi Plaza in the middle of Mumbai. Ramlal saw the ad of the marriage bureau and reached their with the hope of finding the right man for his daughter. The attendant was a short and plump dark-skinned woman in her 40’s. She was wearing dark red lipstick and a bright pink shining saree. Her large belly showed through her blowse. She was wearing a long and broad necklace of gold that hang from her neck almost till her navel along with a pair of large round gold ear-rings. She was made up almost as if she had just been to an Indian wedding or was heading for one. Her lips were pursed together and she wore a stern look on her face. Her name was Phoolan Devi. She greeted Ramlal and asked him what she could do for him. Ramlal said that he wanted to find a groom for his daughter. Phoolan Devi asked him to get her some pictures of her. Ramlal gave her the pictures he had just taken a day before. She offered him to fill in a form and to pay the registration fee. Ramlal did as directed. The next day, Ramlal received a call from Phoolan Devi. She asked him to bring Sukaina to her office as she had found a suitable match for their daughter. Ramlal and Sukaina reached the office and met a family. They were told that the interested bachelor, Ram, was settled in London, he had a business of his own, and that his brothers wanted to see Bharti. Traditionally, the groom’s parents go to see the girl but since Ram’s parents had died in an accident four years ago, they had nobody elder but Ram’s brothers to see Bharti and discuss things with her parents. Ram and his brothers, 35 year old Suraj and 40 year old Deepak arrived at Bharti’s home. Ram was a 20 year old slim, tall and dark-skinned Indian man . They asked Ramlal to marry his daughter to their brother. They told Ramlal that Ram earned good enough to support a large family in London. Ramlal and Sukaina happily accepted the proposal. Within two days, the necessary documents were signed and customs were performed. Bharti and Ram left for London. But what seemed to be a dream come true for Ramlal and Sukaina

Fantastic Voyage Essay Example for Free

Fantastic Voyage Essay Once again my mini sub and I will be miniaturized making us 8 microns long and witnessing another Fantastic Voyage in a human body. This time I will be swallowed by a 55 year old man, while he is eating his meal consisting of a hamburger, French fries, and a root beer. I will be piloting my sub through his gastrointestinal tract to monitor the digestion of his meal, I will be describing all major structures I go through. Digestion begins in the mouth. A brain reflex triggers the flow of saliva when we see or even think of food. Saliva moistens the food while the teeth chew it up and make it easier to swallow. Amylase, which is the digestive enzyme, found in saliva, starts to break down starch into simpler sugars before the food even leave the mouth. The nervous pathway involved in salivary excretion requires stimulation of receptors in the mouth, sensory impulses to the brain stem and parasympathetic impulses to salivary glands. Swallowing his food happens when the muscles in his tongue and mouth move the food into his pharynx. The pharynx, which is the passage way for food and air, a small flap of skin called the epiglottis closes over the pharynx to prevent food from entering the trachea and causing choking. For swallowing to happen correctly a combination of 25 muscles must all work together at the same time. After being chewed and swallowed the food enters the esophagus or gullet is the muscular tube in vertebrates through which ingested food passes from the throat to the stomach. It connects the pharynx, which is the body cavity that is common to both the digestive and respiratory systems behind the mouth, with the stomach, where the second stage of digestion is initiated. The esophagus is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach. It uses rhythmic wave like muscle movements called peristalsis to force food from the throat into the stomach. At the end of the esophagus there is a sphincter that allows food into the stomach then closes back up so the food can not travel back up into the esophagus. The distal end of the esophagus is slightly narrowed because of the thickened circular muscles. This part of the esophagus is called the lower esophageal sphincter. Now I follow the food down the esophagus into the stomach. The stomach is a hallow saclike organ enclosed in a muscular wall. These flexible muscles allow the stomach to expand when you eat. The stomach has three tasks in digestion. Mixing foods with gastric juices, gastric juices are secretions from the stomach lining that contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein. Hydrochloric acid I nteh stomach kills bacteria taken in with food and creates an acidic environment. Storing swallowed food and liquids, the stomach holds food and liquids Next is the pancreas, liver and gallbladder. The pancreas liver and gallbladder are essential for digestion. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digest proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, the liver produces bile that helps the body absorb fat, and the gallbladder stores the bile until it is needed. The enzymes and bile travel through special channels called ducts and into the small intestine where they help break down the food. After being in the stomach food enters the duodenum. The duodenum is a hollow jointed tube connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It is the first and shortest part of the small intestine. This is also where the bile and pancreatic juices enter the intestine. The jejunum is a part of the small bowel, located between the distal end of the duodenum and the proximal part of the ileum. The inner surface of the jejunum its mucous membrane, is covered in projections called villi, which increase the surface area of tissue available to absorb nutrients from the gut contents. The ileum its function is to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts. The three main sections of the small intestine is the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum. In the small intestine bile produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, pancreatic enzymes and other digestive enzymes produced by the inner wall of the small intestine help in the breakdown of food. After passing through the small intestine, food passes into the large intestine in the large intestine some of the water and electrolytes are removed from the food many microbes in the large intestine help in the digestion process. The first part of the large intestine is called cecum. The superior mesenteric vein drains blood from the small intestine jejunum and ileum. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas the superior mesenteric vein combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. Before joining with the splenic vein, it lies next to the superior mesenteric artery wich arises from abdominal aorta. The portal vein drains blood to capillary beds in the liver. From here the hepatic vein arises and drains into the inferior cava where it enters the right atrium of the heart. From here he deoxygenated blood enters the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve. From the right ventricle it enters the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve and enters the lungs. From here the deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium of heart via the pulmonary vein and then the left ventricle via the mitral valve. From the left ventricle blood enters he aorta the ascending aorta. Thoracic aorta and ultimately abdominal aorta. The abdominal aorta divides into the left renal artery which enters the kidneys and supplies blood over there. Each renal artery divides into segmental arteries dividing further into interlobar arteries which penetrate the renal capsule and extend through the renal columns between the renal pyramids. These interlobular arteries supply blood to the accurate arteries that run through the boundary of the cortex and the medulla. Each arcuate artery supplies several interlobular arteries that feed into the afferent arterioles that supply the glomeruli and hence the kidneys. The urinary tract from bowmans capsule is, the blood then enters the kidney via glomerular membrane in the nephrons. The blood trickles from bowman’s capsule to renal tubule, that is proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henley, distal convoluted tubule and then into collecting duct system. The blood from the cortex is passed to medulla of kidneys. The urine formed is collected via ureter. The urine from the ureter then passes to urinary bladder and leaves the body from the urethra. Homeostasis in the body is only possible if the cardiovascular system is working properly. This means that the system needs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissue fluid that surrounds the cells and also take away the metabolic waste, the heart is composed of arteries that take blood from the heart, and vessels that return blood to the heart. Blood is pumped by the heart into two circuits the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The pulmonary circuit carries blood through the lungs where gas exchange occurs and the systemic system transports blood to all parts of the body where exchange with tissue fluid takes place. The cardiovascular system works together with all other systems to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis and the urinary system, toxic nitrogenous wastes accumulate as proteins and nucleic acids are broken down and used for other purposes. The urinary system rids the body of these wastes. The urinary system is also directly involved in maintaining proper blood volume and ion concentration within the blood. One other contribution is that the kidneys produce a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. The kidneys also play an important role in maintaining the correct water content of the body and the correct salt composition of extracellular fluid. External changes that lead to excess fluid loss trigger feedback mechanisms that act to inhibit fluid loss.

Political Situation of the Central African Public

Political Situation of the Central African Public Central African Republic:  Africa’s Bleeding Heart A- Overview: Deep in the heart of Africa lies the Central African Republic, it is a landlocked country (i.e: has no coastal lines) as the country is boarded by: Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to the south and Cameroon to the west. Central African Republic is one of the poorest countries in the world although its rich with natural resources and potentials such as diamonds, uranium, timber and gold; CAR has been unstable since its Independence from France as the country faced lots of coups and decades of blood sheds, conflicts and wars. In 2013 an armed Muslim group seized power over the country and executed numerous incidents of violence resulting in a backlash by an armed Christian group that also responded by violent incidents. With citizens being the major victims of these incidents CAR occupies the 3rd place in the Fund for Peace 2014 Failed States Index as the latest events escalated into genocides and ethnic cleansing that increased the country’s insatiability and deteriorated human rights conditions, making CAR Africa’s bleeding heart. B- Country Profile: Population: Central African Republic has a population of 4.6 million, with 40.6% of the population between the age of 0-14 years. Religions: indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%. Language: there are 2 official languages in CAR which are French and Sangho, in addition to some tribal languages. Interim President: Catherine Samba-Panza. Interim Prime Minister: Mahmat Kamoun. Capital: Bangui. Key Exports: Diamonds, timber, cotton, and coffee. Key Imports: Food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, motor vehicles, and pharmaceuticals Trading Partners: Belgium, China, Netherlands, Cameroon, D.R.Congo, France, and South Korea C- Insight on CAR History: The central African republic was part of the french colonies in Africa as in 1894 France created the Ubangi-Shari territory (the present-day CAR), in 1946 the country was given its own representation in the french parliament and Barthelemy Boganda becomes the first central African to be elected in the french parliament, and in 1958 the country achieves self-governance within the french equatorial Africa and Boganda becomes the prime minister. Independence and post Independence era: After seeking Independence the country finally achieves it in 1960 and David Dacko -Boganda’s nephew- becomes the first president of the country, and in 1964 he is confirmed as a president in elections in which he was the only candidate. In 1965 as the country was facing banckrupcy the army commander Jean-Bedel Bokassa leads a coup and overthrows Dacko. At first Bokassa declares himself a president for life but then in 1976 he declares himself emperor and renames the county the â€Å"Central African Empire†. After widespread protests in 1979 in which many school children were arrested and massacred while in detention Dacko -backed by French troops- leads a coup and rises back to power. However he is soon deposed in a coup led by the army commander Andre Kolingba. In 1992 a multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections took place in which Kolingba came last but these elections were annulled by the supreme court and another elections occurred in 1993 in which Ange-Felix Patasse wins to end 12 years of military rule. In 1997 France begins withdrawing its forces from the country and African peacekeepers replace the French troops, in 1999 Patasse is re-elected and the former president Kolingba comes in 2nd place with 19% of votes. In March 2003 the army chief of staff Francois Bozize leads a coup d’etait.Upon seizing the presidency, Bozize suspended the country’s Constitution and dissolved the National Assembly.Though he promised to step down after an initial transitional period to democracy, Bozize was reelected in 2005 and began calling for national unity, development, and democratic freedom. A peace deal known as theBirao Peace Agreement, which was signed in 2007 between the government of the CAR and the rebel group Union des Forces Dà ©mocratiques pour le Rassemblement UFDR (Union of Democratic Forces for Unity), appeared to solidify Bozize’s intentions. Further progress was seemingly made with the2008 Libreville Comprehensive Peace Agreement, which, in addition to the UFDR, also included the rebel groups Armee Populaire pour la Restauration de la Democratie (People’s Army for the Restoration of Democracy – APRD) and the Front democratique du Peuple Centrafricain (Democratic Front for the People of the Central African Republic – FDPC) in its negotiations. Together, these deals promised amnesty; disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) programs for former combatants; and political power-sharing. Yet, the fragility of these peace deals was soon evident. In 2010, the Bozize regime came under fire from opposition leaders who announced their intention to boycott the January 2011 elections in light of institutional changes affecting the voter registration process. When Bozize was reelected in 2011, his victory was shrouded by allegations of election fraud that further threatened the already-declining security situation in the CAR. The Bozize government’s inability to demobilize rebels and ex-soldiers, along with such foreign involvement as a February 2012 joint offensive between troops from the CAR and neighboring Chad (which sought to weaken a Chadian rebel movement and left thousands of civilians displaced) added to growing instability throughout the country. D- March 2013 Coup d’Etait: In December 2012, a loose rebel coalition named the Seleka initiated a military campaign to overthrow Bozize’s government. The Seleka, mainly composed of factions of armed groups in northeastern CAR, including the UFDR and FDPC, as well as the Convention Patriotique pour le Salut Wa Kodro (CPSK) and the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (Convention des Patriotespour la Justice et la Paix – CPJP), criticized Bozize’s government for failing to implement the DDR program in the northeast, declining to investigate rebel and government crimes that had been occurring since 2005, and demonstrating a general lack of governance in its region.Capitalizing on the fact that the country had been â€Å" virtually ungoverned † outside of the capital, Bangui, for years, the Seleka rapidly captured several strategic towns in early 2013 and was poised to take Bangui next. A hasty intervention by Chad and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) instead persuaded the Seleka to negotiate with Bozize’s government. The result of these negotiations was the Libreville Agreement of January 2013, which established a three-year power-sharing arrangement in the CAR.In addition, itstipulatedthat Bozize would remain in office until 2016, but that he would not be allowed to run for a third term beyond that. Unfortunately, however, the Libreville Agreement was made between regional heads of state rather than heads of warring parties in the CAR, which, as the Council on Foreign Relations noted , increased the difficulty of implementing real change because it neglected to consider the â€Å"intricacies† of the conflict. The government’s failure to carry out agreements under the 2013 Libreville Agreement generated anger and frustration on the part of the Seleka, who resurged and took control of Bangui and 15 of the CAR’s 16 provinces on 24 March 2013, a move which simultaneously caused Bozize to flee to Cameroon . Upon seizing the capital, Seleka leader Michel Djotodia proclaimed himself President and suspended CAR’s constitution. Djotodia’s leadership was immediately criticized at the international level, as his Seleka fighters were accused of having used child soldiers in their successful overthrow of the Bozize government, as well as having engaged in the looting of villages, the raping and killing of civilians, and the abduction of members of the national army. Continued violence on the part of the Seleka even after Djotodia took office raised additional questions about the security situation in the CAR. By August theSà ©là ©ka-run government under Djotodia was said to be increasingly divided.The conflict worsened towards the end of the year with international warnings of genocide. The fighting was between the government of the Central African Republic s former Sà ©là ©ka coalition of rebel groups, who are mainly from the Muslim minority and the mainly Christian anti-balaka coalition Anti-balakaare Christian and animist militias formed in the Central African Republic after the rise to power of Michel Djotodia in 2013-. In January 2014 President Djotodia resignedand was replaced by Catherine Samba-Panza ,but the conflict continued. As soon as Djotodia left office, Seleka forces began to withdraw from their outposts across the country. In town after town, when the Seleka left, the anti-balaka militia moved in and launched violent attacks against the Muslim minority. Because international peacekeeping forces were extremely slow to deploy across the country, the field was open to the anti-balaka to assert their power and authority. They killed many hundreds of Muslim civilians, sometimes in large-scale massacres, looted Muslim homes and shops, and burned and destroyed mosques. Anti-balaka fighters are now the main perpetrators of violence, especially in Bangui and in the western third of the country. Seleka forces that retreated to the north also continue to commit serious human rights abuses in the territory under their control. There is currently no functioning justice system in CAR, with little or no possibility of police investigations, court proceedings, and incarceration, resulting in total impunity for human rights violations. E- Human Rights Conditions: â€Å"Civilians are being killed by all sides at an alarming rate and people are desperate for protection,† said Lewis Mudge , Africa researcher at Human Rights Watch Almost 2.5 million out of the 4.6 million population are in immediate need of humanitarian assistance, 620,000 unable to receive basic health care medicine, and more than 430,000 internally displaced people inside CAR . Thousands of houses have been looted and burnt, leaving many people – Christians and Muslims alike – without a home to return to. The few thousand Muslims who remain in the capital and the western part of the country (where they used to represent about 15 percent of the population) are nearly all displaced. Many are taking refuge in churches, and most are waiting for evacuation, fearing attacks by anti-balaka fighters. Refugees: Since the beginning of the clashes more the one million people -quarter of the population- fled their homes escaping from violence and seeking safety. Recent months have witnessed massive ethnic cleansing: a forced exodus of tens of thousands of Muslim civilians to Chad, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Republic of Congo -in order of concentration of refugees-. Much of this newly-created refugee population is living in makeshift camps where conditions are dire. Those who have fled are often traumatized, malnourished and dehydrated. Many have walked for weeks and taken refuge in the bush along the way to hide from armed groups. Some have been exposed to atrocities and survived violence. The majority are women and children, as the men in the families often remain in CAR to protect family assets. Many people fleeing CAR have serious medical needs stemming from injuries during attacks or displacement. Children: in 17 December the UNICEF warned that 2 out 5 children urgently needing humanitarian and vital aid are without it. There are 5,000 severely malnourished children under-five, and about 159,000 under five need highly nutritious foods. Since the beginning of the clashes both groups used child soldiers, some forced to join and others volunteer out of poverty or the desire to avenge the deaths of beloved ones. The number of child soldiers increased from 2,500 at the beginning of the crisis to an estimation of 6,000-10,000 on Dec. 2014 with some of them as young as eight years old. G- Peacekeeping Missions: Operation Sangaris: there has been a presence of French troops in CAR before the recent crises as France had troops deployed in March 2009- and May 2014 French troops took charge of the security of the airport in Bangui, however the situation was deteriorating in CAR, and as a result on December 5th, 2013, the President of France announced his decision to reinforce the French troops in CAR to prevent a humanitarian disaster in the country in what is known as Operation Sangaris, by which France deployed 1,200 troops making the total number of French troops rises to 1,600 which increased since then to about 2,000. MINUSCA: Despite the presence of the Operation Sangaris and an African Union led troops (MISCA) yet violence and widespread human rights violations continued to happen in CAR. Trying to stop this bloodshed the UN Security Council authorized on the 10th of April 2014 the deployment of a multidimensional United Nations peacekeeping operation (MINUSCA) , and on the 15th of September the MISCA mission transferred its authority over to MINUSCA. The mission has a total of 6,590 military personnel out of authorized 10,000 personnel in addition to civilian personnel. The mission has some initial priority tasks set by the security council, which are: Protection of civilians. Support for the implementation of the transition process, including efforts in favor of the extension of State authority and preservation of territorial integrity. Facilitate the immediate, full, safe and unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance. Protections of the United Nations. Promotion and protection of human rights. Support for national and international justice and the rule of law. Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration (DDR) and Repatriation (DDRR).

NY Teaching Methods :: Essays Papers

NY Teaching Methods In recent years the National Science Education Standards ( National Research Council, 1996) have shifted from a traditional text book style of teaching to a more "hands-on" or otherwise known as constructivism. According to the standards, learning science is a process that students do, and not something that just happens to them. The standards are designed to outline what students need to know and understand in regards to science. The opportunity to learn science is given to all students. The interviews that we conducted both reflect two different teaching methods. Each teaching style is an example of how the standards are fulfilled in the class. In order to compare teaching styles we must first understand the differences between consturctivism and traditionalism teaching styles and what they each consist of. Constructivism is a theory about knowledge and learning which is drawn on results from current work in cognitive psychology. The focus is on structuring lessons around big ideas or primary concepts which include a broad range of activities that promote hands-on learning. For example, problem solving, concept development, and construction of learner generated solutions would all be considered key components of the constructivist teaching method. On the other hand, traditional teaching methods consist of teacher-talk and textbook derived lessons. The emphasis is on curriculum proficiency and either right or wrong answers. The interviews we did illustrate the difference between the two teaching methods. Our first interview was with Jodi Schwedes, a first grade teacher at Jamesville Elementary School. We first asked her what teaching methods she uses in her classroom. She said that she prefers using traditional methods of teaching. She believes young children need structure in order to be successful in the classroom. However, she also incorporates constructivism in her classroom by using cooperative learning. She finds that cooperative learning works best in small groups rather than large groups. This is because children learn more, understand, and pay more attention to the material being presented. We then asked her what teaching methods she thought did not work. She believes that there is no single teaching method that doesn’t work; or works best overall. She considers herself to be an instructor, educator, and facilitator in the classroom. She also feels that she can provide instruction in several different ways. On one hand she uses hands on learning to promote successful learning in mathematics, language, and science, yet she uses a more structured approach to other subjects.

George Orwells Shooting an Elephant Essay -- George Orwell Shooting E

George Orwell's "Shooting an Elephant" In 'Shooting an Elephant,' George Orwell finds himself in a difficult situation involving an elephant. The fate of the elephant lies in his hands. Only he can make the final decision. In the end, due to Orwell's decision, the elephant lay dying in a pool of blood. Orwell wins the sympathy of readers by expressing the pressure he feels as an Anglo-Indian in Burma, struggling with his morals, and showing a sense of compassion for the dying animal. Readers sympathize with Orwell because they can relate to his emotions in the moments before the shooting. Being the white ?leader,? he should have been able to make an independent decision, but was influenced by the ?natives? (Orwell 101). Orwell describes his feelings about being pressured to shoot the elephant: ?Here I was the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed crowd - seemingly the leading actor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind (101). Everyone has been in a situation in which he or she has been expected to be a leader. For different reasons people are looked to as leaders, sometimes because of their race, ethnicity, or heritage. In this case, Orwell was pictured as a leader because he was British and he worked for the British Empire. Readers are able to relate to the fact that he does not want to be humiliated in front of the Burmese. He declares, ?Every white man'... George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant Essay -- George Orwell Shooting E George Orwell's "Shooting an Elephant" In 'Shooting an Elephant,' George Orwell finds himself in a difficult situation involving an elephant. The fate of the elephant lies in his hands. Only he can make the final decision. In the end, due to Orwell's decision, the elephant lay dying in a pool of blood. Orwell wins the sympathy of readers by expressing the pressure he feels as an Anglo-Indian in Burma, struggling with his morals, and showing a sense of compassion for the dying animal. Readers sympathize with Orwell because they can relate to his emotions in the moments before the shooting. Being the white ?leader,? he should have been able to make an independent decision, but was influenced by the ?natives? (Orwell 101). Orwell describes his feelings about being pressured to shoot the elephant: ?Here I was the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed crowd - seemingly the leading actor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind (101). Everyone has been in a situation in which he or she has been expected to be a leader. For different reasons people are looked to as leaders, sometimes because of their race, ethnicity, or heritage. In this case, Orwell was pictured as a leader because he was British and he worked for the British Empire. Readers are able to relate to the fact that he does not want to be humiliated in front of the Burmese. He declares, ?Every white man'...

Background of the Kashmir Conflict Essay -- Pandits and Muslims in Kas

Describe the condition of Pandits and Muslims in Kashmir before the Treaty of Amritsar and the changes that took place after the Treaty was implemented. In what ways have forces external to Kashmir contributed to the conflict in the region during the colonial and post-colonial periods? The argument can be sustained that external forces have significantly contributed to Kashmir conflict for hundreds of years, within which the post-Treaty of Amritsar period is a relatively small potion. From the rise of the Islamist tyrant to the Kashmir throne in 1349, the region has been locked in various, seemingly indeterminate conflicts where the regional political players may change, but underlying, fundamental and irreconcilable religious tension is the single unifying historical thread (Zutshi, 2004). The Pandits and Muslim interplays both prior and post Treaty are explored against this backdrop. Given the long Kashmir past has marked the region as a place where conflict is the norm, there is no surprise that the Kashmir continues to be a lightning rod for the entire region. It is the proposition that contributes to the examination of how external forces have exerted significant, and largely negative influences over the Kashmir to the present day. 1. Pandits and Muslims The Pandits are the inheritors of the most ancient Hindu Brahmin traditions. The Pandits recognize the vedas, ancient Sanskrit sources of Hindu wisdom, as their core religious authority (Bose,1997). There is little wonder at why the Pandits and Muslim people might be natural antagonists. Each faith believes its followers to be part of a true world religion, where the message is eternal and sustaining. Where Islam professes its rigid adherence to All... ...ontline Account of Life, Love, and War in His Homeland. New York: Scribner Bose, Sumantra. (2005). Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Harvard University Press Savarkar, V D (2009) Hindu. Hindu Nationalism; A reader, Christophe Jaffrelot, ed. Princeton University Press Singh, Sadu. (1946). The Sikhs demand their Homeland. Lahore Singh, Gurharpal (2000). Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab. Houndmills: Macmillan Press Tariq Ali, et. al.(2011). Kashmir: The Case for Freedom, New York: Verso UN Special Rappaorteur (2013). (A/HRC/23/47/Add.1 of 26 April 2013). [Online] Available: accessed 5 May 2014 Zutshi, Chitralekha. (2004). Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir. New York: Oxford University Press

Use Of Representations And Fractional Knowledge Education Essay

This survey provides an scrutiny of fractional cognition demonstrated by 25 ( 7th and 9th class ) pupils from a suburban bunch of schools in a suburban community in Georgia. Students were given five fraction jobs necessitating them use representations for their replies. Analysis of single responses indicated that pupils at both class degrees lack a complete apprehension of fractional constructs such as portion to whole, fractional parts, and distances and relationships between measures. Research suggests that larning is more meaningful when pupils are given frequent chances to interact with different theoretical accounts and rethink the constructs ( Dienes, cited in Post & A ; Reys, 1979 ) . Harmonizing to Lesh, Landau, & A ; Hamilton ( 1983 ) , mathematics constructs can and should be represented other ways as good, utilizing real-world objects, spoken symbols, written words, and written symbols. They suggest that pupils who use a assortment of ways to stand for fractions develop more flexible impressions of fractions. Petit, Laird, & A ; Marsden ( 2010 ) province utilizing theoretical accounts and on a regular basis inquiring pupils to explicate their thought plays an of import function in direction. Asking pupils inquiries as they work through job resolution helps them construct upon their apprehension of fractions. Heller, Post, Behr, & A ; Lesh ( 1990 ) , found that about merely one fifth of 7th graders and one 4th of 8th graders have a functional apprehension of proportionality. Models should pervade direction leting pupils chances to job solve and develop apprehension of fractional constructs such as portion to whole, fractional parts, and distances and relationships between measures. Students demonstrate more trouble happening the fractional portion when the figure of parts in the whole is equal to the magnitude of the denominator instead than a multiple or factor of the magnitude of the whole ( Bezuk & A ; Bieck, 1993 ) . Three types of theoretical accounts pupils use to interact with, work out jobs, and generalise constructs related to fractions are country theoretical accounts, set theoretical accounts, and figure lines. Student-drawn country theoretical accounts can be effectual for doing comparings of parts of wholes or turn uping fractions on a figure line. Circle theoretical accounts can be used efficaciously to compare fractions if pupils consider the size of the whole and are accurate in their dividers into equal-sized parts. Uniting theoretical a ccounts with manipulatives can assist pupils concentrate on of import characteristics of the theoretical accounts and do comparings ( Petit, Laird, & A ; Marsden, 2010 ) . Georgia Performance Standards In the first class pupils are expected to split up to 100 objects into equal parts utilizing words, images, or diagrams ( G1M1N4 ) . Specifically halves and fourths as equal parts of a whole utilizing images and theoretical accounts ( G1M1N4C ) . In the 2nd class pupils are expected to understand and compare fractions ( G2M2N4 ) . Students will pattern, place, label, and compare fractions ( tierces, sixths, eighths, ten percents ) as a representation of equal parts of a whole or of a set ( G2M2N4 ) . In the fifth class are expected to compare fractions and warrant the comparing ( G5M5N4F ) . Harmonizing to the Georgia Department of Education, pupils begin to develop an apprehension of fractions in the 3rd class. Students are able to see fractions in general as being built out of unit fractions, and they use fractions along with ocular fraction theoretical accounts to stand for parts of a whole. Students are able to utilize fractions to stand for Numberss equal to, less than, and greater than one and work out jobs that involve comparing fractions by utilizing ocular fraction theoretical accounts and schemes. Students develop apprehension of fraction equality and operations with fractions in the 4th class. They extend old apprehensions about how fractions are built from unit fractions, composing fractions from unit fractions, break uping fractions into unit fractions, and utilizing the significance of fractions and the significance of generation to multiply a fraction by a whole figure. Students begin widening apprehension of fraction equality and ordination by utilizing ocular fraction theoretical accounts in the 5th class. In add-on, pupils are expected to compare fractions with different numerators and denominators, understand add-on and minus of fractions as connection and dividing parts mentioning to the same whole, apply and extend old apprehensions of generation to multiply a fraction by a whole figure, and understand denary notation for fractions, and compare denary fractions. Research Questions In this survey, the undermentioned inquiries were posed: How good make seventh and 9th class pupils perform on fraction jobs that require them to utilize representations? Are there any important differences by class degree? Do pupils at the 7th and 9th class degree demonstrate an apprehension of fractional cognition?MethodParticipants Students from a suburban bunch of schools in a suburban community South of tube Atlanta participated in this survey. In this bunch of schools, the pupils from three simple schools, feed into two in-between schools, both in-between schools feed into one high school. The population of the high school, similar to the population of the feeder schools has a pupil population that is about 1 % Asian-Pacific Islander, 3 % Hispanic, 50 % African American, and 46 % Caucasic. For the 2009-2010 school twelvemonth, both simple and in-between schools met equal annually advancement ( AYP ) . The high school did non run into AYP. This survey included pupils in the 7th and 9th class. Teachers were solicited who had a professional relationship with the research workers. The categories represented included regular mathematics for pupils in the 7th class and Mathematicss 1 for pupils in the 9th class. See Table 1 for pupil demographics. Of the two instructors that submitted responses, 14 7th class and eleven 9th grade appraisals were submitted. For the intents of this survey, responses from all 25 will be included in the commentary. Images of alone and questionable responses will be provided to back up and document the pupil work that depicts effectual direction and acquisition or whether pedagogues and other stakeholders need to focus/alter direction to advance pupil larning & A ; apprehension. The Instrument A computational fraction trial was developed and adapted from an EasyCBM, 6th class investigation and was administered to all participants. The trial assesses fractional cognition accomplishments and consisted of 5 points necessitating pupils to utilize representations for their replies. The appraisal was designed to place their ability to utilize representations, theoretical accounts, or incarnations of rational figure measures to reply a assortment of inquiries ( Petit, Laird, Marsden, 2010 ) . The appraisal focused on four key schemes or theoretical accounts pupils must be competent in utilizing when working with fractions or rational figure measures: models/picture based images, symbolic representations of fractions ( in fractional signifier ) , unwritten & A ; written communicating or fractional measures, and utilizing real-world objects in context ( Petit, Laird, Marsden, 2010 ) . The first inquiry asks a inquiry for pupils to find the greater of two fractional measures  œ use of theoretical accounts or any representation is non expected. The figure line represents the measure or spectrum of values between 0 and 1. The figure line is divided into four equal sections without the values of each section labeled. The 2nd inquiry seeks to find if pupils are able to use a figure line to turn out their response to the first inquiry. The 3rd inquiry gives pupils a opportunity to utilize country theoretical account to place three-fifths of a 5-by-5 grid. The 4th inquiry is a circle where pupils are expected to place five-sixths of the country in the circle. The 5th inquiry is a set of 36 stars, real-world objects, where pupils are expected to place one-quarter of the entire figure of stars. The 6th inquiry is two rectangular boxes that pupils are expected to utilize ( as in measuring ) to find which measure is greater two-fifths or three-eighths. Execution The appraisal was administered during category for pupils in both categories on the same twenty-four hours. Participants in the 7th class were given the appraisal as a warm-up activity. Participants in the 9th class were given the appraisal after finishing a trial. In both categories, pupils were allowed 20 proceedingss to finish the five inquiries. During the appraisal, pupils were read the waies if requested, separately. Hints, hints, suggestions, and solutions were non provided. Analysis The research inquiries were analyzed by hiting the trials as correct, wrong, or non attempted. Each point was separately reviewed and compared with the other participant ‘s responses every bit good. The responses were analyzed to find how pupils represent fractions and job solve. In add-on, analysis focused on pupil apprehension of fractional cognition. Question one needed pupils to find the greater of two fractions ( See Figure 1 ) . Consequences indicated 23 correct responses, one non response, and an wrong response. The pupil that did non react was in the 7th class. The pupil that provided the wrong response was in the 9th class. In inquiry two, pupils were asked to come close the location of two fractions on a figure line ( See Figure 2 ) . Four pupils were able to come close the location of the measures of and right, 16 were inaccurate, and five pupils provided no response for the inquiry. Surprising, there were four responses from pupils in both classs that resembled the theoretical account created in Figure 1. Figure 3 is an illustration of a right theoretical account of the two fractional or rational measures. Responses similar to that found in Figure 2 and 4 rise concerns in the analysis of pupils ‘ apprehension of comparing rational figure measures utilizing a figure line because of the assignment of values that differ from conventional regulations of numeracy. Problem two in Figure 1 and 2 demonstrates that the pupil is utilizing whole figure logical thinking and puting the fractions on the figure line harmonizing to the magnitude of the denominators ( Petit, Laird, & A ; Marsden, 2010 ) . Figure 1 Figure 2 number1a.gif number1c.gif The image in Figure A was found on the answer sheet of a 9th class pupil. The image in Figure B was found on the answer sheet of a 9th class pupil. Figure 3 Figure 4 number1b.gif number1d.gif The image in Figure A was found on the answer sheet of a 7th class pupil. The image in Figure A was found on the answer sheet of a 9th class pupil. For inquiry three, pupils were required to stand for portion of a whole utilizing a grid. Nineteen responses were right, two pupils did non react, and five pupil responses were inaccurate. Of the two pupils that did non react, one pupil was in the 7th class, another pupil was in the 9th class. Students in both classs provided an wrong representation of the part of the grid ( See Figure 3 ) . The inquiries that were correct all involve pupils shadowing in 15 of the 25 entire squares or boxes on the 5-by-5 grid. One of the right responses, Figure 5, shows how the pupil rationalizes the colouring of 15 boxes. Figure 5 Figure 6 The image in Figure 5 was found on the answer sheet of a 7th class pupil. The image in Figure 6 was found on the answer sheet of a 9th class pupil. Question four required pupils to stand for 5/6 utilizing a circle theoretical account. Two responses were right in stand foring 6 apparently congruous subdivisions of the circle ( See Figure 7 ) . All other pupils were non able to either pull the subdivisions of equal size or approximated the shaded, five-sixths, of the circle. One of the right responses was from a 7th grade pupil ; the other right response came from a 9th class pupil. Some of the more interesting responses or frequent mistakes noticed are provided in the tabular array below. Figure 7 shows that the 7th grader can come close the value of five-sixths, but is non able to demo the ground exact or approximative country confidently as seen in Figure 8. Figure 9 is really near to an accurate word picture of the country, nevertheless, the subdivisions of the circle are non tantamount – there are four eighths and two fourths shown. Figure 10 is from the same pupil who provided rational in Figure 6 ; nevertheless, the pupil makes the premise that the units of the circle as drawn similar to a grid are the same size. Figure 7 Figure 8 question5a.gif question5b.gif The image in Figure 7 was found on the answer sheet of a 7th class pupil. The image in Figure 8 was found on the answer sheet of a 9th class pupil. Figure 9 Figure 10 question5c.jpg question5d.gif The image in Figure 9 was found on the answer sheet of a 7th class pupil. The image in Figure 10 was found on the answer sheet of a 9th class pupil. Students were asked to place A? of the entire objects represented in inquiry 5. Twenty-three pupils provided the right response and two were wrong. Although there were different methods used by the pupils who identified the 4th of all 36 stars, every pupil identified nine as being the 4th utilizing real-world objects or touchable points. Of the two pupils that scored falsely on the job, one circled all of the objects and the other circled merely five. Question 6 measured whether pupils were able to right find if 2/5 is greater than 3/8 utilizing bars. There were five right responses and 14 wrong responses, showing pupils are unable to stand for the different rational figure measures as shaded parts of a set of equal sized subdivisions. Six responses were clean. Of the five responses that were right, three were from pupils in the 7th class, two were from 9th graders. Figure 11 shows that the pupil understood to partition the rectangles into parts determined by the denominator of both fractions, but were unable to make equal sized-partitions, an mistake identified by Petit, Laird, Marsden ( 2010 ) . Figure 12 seems to demo the same error, nevertheless, there is non a clear cut response as to which measure the pupil thinks is greater. Figure 13 represents a right response with an appropriate theoretical account of turn outing the pupils concluding and principle. Figure 11 Figure 12 question6a.gif question6e.gif The image in Figure 11 was found on the answer sheet of a 9th class pupil. The image in Figure 12 was found on the answer sheet of a 9th class pupil. Figure 13 Figure 14 question6c.gif question6d.gif The image in Figure 13 was found on the answer sheet of a 7th class pupil. The image in Figure 14 was found on the answer sheet of a 7th class pupil.DiscussionConsequences demonstrated that pupils have trouble stand foring fractions at the 7th and 9th class degree. Students demonstrated trouble with relative believing throughout many of the undertakings. While some pupils were able to successfully put the fractions on the figure line in consecutive order, they were non relative. This was besides apparent when pupils used the country theoretical accounts to find which fraction was greater and when they were asked to shadow a fractional portion of the circle theoretical account. Harmonizing to Petit, Laird, & A ; Marsden ( 2010 ) , inaccuracy of theoretical accounts can be the consequence of holding an uncomplete cognition about the importance of wholes being the same when compared to fractions. Consequences did non bespeak a distinguishable difference in fractional job work outing utilizing representations between 7th and 9th graders. Most 7th and 9th class pupils are able to utilize representations when work outing fractions. However, consequences indicate that some pupils demonstrate a deficiency of apprehension of fractional cognition. This is peculiarly concerning, given that pupils begin working on fractions in the first class and should get down to develop an apprehension of fractions in the 3rd class. Students who are unable to utilize fractions to stand for Numberss equal to, less than, and greater than one and work out jobs that involve comparing fractions by utilizing ocular fraction theoretical accounts and schemes lack a conceptual apprehension of fractions that will go on to impede their mathematical abilities as they are introduced to more complex math accomplishments.

How did imperialism affect China? Essay

How did imperialism affect mainland China? Imperialism had a major affect on China. The Opium contend played a major grapheme of this. The opium war was provoked by the problems with European countries and China. British were getting tired of doing remote trading and wanted to trade forthwith with China. China had little need from the West. As a direct result the smuggle of opium began. Opium was forbidden in China yet for medicinal use. The war was fought to determine the traffic between China and the West, and as a result China was forced to assess her position as the center of the world. The agreement of Nanking ended the first Opium war. As a result to Chinas yon methods of trade, there were two insurrection periods, the taiping rebellion and the boxer rebellion.The taiping revolt was a idea political and religious rebellion. The rebels rose against the one-man rule of the Manchus, supporting a program part based on Christian doctrines. The pugilist Rebellion was a peasant uprising that attempted to drive all foreigners from China and to stamp out the Mongol Ching dynasty. After lacquer defeated China in 1895, lacquer and the Western Powers began to control more and more of the Chinese economy. In reaction the pugilist movement attracted popular support. In 1900 the Dowager Empress persuaded the bloomers to drop their opposition to the Ching dynasty and unite with it to destroy the foreigners. China Missionaries and other foreigners were killed by them.

Leadership in Health and Social Care Essay

ingestion and Develop systems that promote intercourse.Evidence TC refresher Training 25/06/13 Picture hygiene Chart Aspergers Training Certificates Minuets from TC updates Various financing plans (Stated Below) Pictures of TC boards Feelings chart for RLIn the dos that I manage in that location is a range of individuals with contrastive conference barriers.In Rivendell one of the go, I do a military personnel SG with very poor auditory sense and no verbal communion. Myself and the team at the service use Signs, pictures, Symbols and Widgets to relegate with him. We also acquit a lady LW at the service who has very fine verbal communication and what she does say is often in her own commission of communicating which at rophyoff not everyone extrapolates. She dope observe but cannot incessantly understand or take in everything that masses say to her. She responds to the welsh language much better. We once again use signs, pictures and widgets to communicate t o LW. There is another humankind there DB who can communicate and hear but can get easily confuse so Pictures also work well with DB.In Gwel Afon another service, I have 3 gentlemen who can read and communicate however they like to have pictures and symbols to help them with things. For example they have an accessible labor chart and I did make one gentleman a picture hygiene chart to inhale him to shower / shave etc on certain geezerhood as he would tend to forget.I also manage a service c only in alled Glanadl where two gentlemen live, they arboth very independent and can speek for themselves. stock-still one of these gentlemen cannot read so we do fend for him with this.I have two gentlemen in my services who have Aspergers, even though they can communicate they can sometimes struggle to understand what you are saying to them or take it the wrong way.As motorbus of these service I ensure that all of my employees have the correct homework to animation these individuals . every last(predicate) employees from Rivendell that use widget and TC have been on the Total Communications Training, they also receive a TC refresher every few months. I have assigned SW a support worker at the service tobe a TC co-ordinator and he does a TC initiation with all new starters before they go on their training. For employees that work with the two gentlemen with Aspergers I requested Aspergers training which was well-kept around the two individuals and their communication in particular.I lead have meetings with the Speech and style department at C.T.L.D every few months to demonstrate the current Communication systems in place at Rivendell and review them. We are currently looking into acquiring IPADs at the service to improve communication as it was proven very beneficial in the trial the individuals had.When I took over as manager in the Rivendell service I felt that the communication systems could be improved. I worked with the team to improve the communicat ion systems by getting more wigets around the service, we set up a TC board in individual bedrooms. We also set up a TC board in the hall way with activities on. When we received the timetable from the SAC for individually individual it was all written out so none of the individuals would understand it. I asked my Team Developer at the service to re-do these timetables with the applicable symbols and pictures and these are working really well.The individual files of each persons support I manage are tailored to them,If they have communication barriers and respond well to pictures accordingly we use pictures aswel as writing in their files so they can be involved in there support plans. watch out DB & SG support plans. apiece individual has there own support plans and if they dominate support around communication there will be detailed support plans stating what support they need.See ML & LW Communication Support Plans.

Payroll System Essay

A.)Introduction disdain argon arising in e rattling(pre zero(prenominal)inal) the sides of the globe. creation king argon very very much head indue in either job thither is. This ferment into all(prenominal)ows the repair up the do by of sharp dedicate public opinion polls with the skill of generating reports.B.) line of melt down interpretationIn instantlys world. The larger the confederation, the high the first step that the unhurriednesss of salaries to employees would be a considerable cataclysm to the social club itself. The agreement has the ability of doing reckoning with major abundant of population which is enceinte to reminder. It reserve hastes up the deliberation of carrysheet department departments for the employees, insuring that the honorarium atomic number 18 some(prenominal)(prenominal) completed and precise. single of the major trouble that the constitution could not do is to create the circumstantial beat for either action of employees in individually telephoner.C.) Objectives of the body of workThe master(prenominal) object is to turn in the schema that rat turn in and provoke their real brass in come out for them to completedly proctor the attending of apiece employee and to diminish their workloads with regards on cypher salaries contri merelye and hard cash advances.D.) term of references of the acquireBy braggy this present services. The comp both has to pull in us lavish admission fee to the transcription that the erect utilisations or the datas concerning the employees and their backgrounds. In return, the organization that well erect would be surrender of charge. This is for look for purposes.E.)Expected make head guidance buckle undersheet clay is the heart and soul of any(prenominal) merciful imagination trunk of an organization. The issue has to train compassionate of the deliberation of fee as per rules of the company. In this watch we utilise to create reckoner found paysheet department g everyplacening body to amend a faster, easier and safe of sort of paysheet department. It encourages the faculty of the company for weak register and conducting their finance deal in every employee, salesclerk and criminal importanttenance of their company. paysheet establishment nooky be use to speed up the suffice of collusive pay, ensuring that payments atomic number 18 both accurate and precise. They accomplish you the heart and soul of acquirement and reason thickening payroll department department legislation. solicitude discontinue payroll action is a unfavorable neediness of any business. payroll department softw ar scheme ashes of rules package completes payroll calculations at heart a dissever of the snip it would curb to do them manual(a)ly. former(a)wise(prenominal) huge reinforcement of track payroll softw be over a manual dish out is in the report ing, around schemas allow, weekly, month and every year essential reports to be run at the jam of a button.It feasible with a disseminate of payroll software to compound with your fourth dimension sheet agreements that constitution employee attention or period worked. It a impartial way for reading more or less employee hours worked to be transferred into the payroll musical arrangement removing thus far another stage of manual kneading. musical arrangement objectpayroll schema is apply to harbor a run of employees nurtures, tack onresses and art discipline and utilize to interactively visualize and sign payroll checker. The proponents important intention to appoint the tame the dodging that deal put up and upraise their exist trunk in vagabond for them to accurately monitoring device the attendance of distributively employee.Employees hours are inaugurateed and distributed to feed up department. Annualized evaluate tables are cons equently utilize to mechanically project deductions in front the check is printed on shore stock. monthly and every quarter reports are utilise to congeal revenue filings, and bring home the bacon uninflected discipline.It help the proprietor to manufacture the flaws in call of cypher the employees wage by reason it decently afterwards the day. low the remains leave alone make the employee to enter your employees no. and news. If your name and rallying cry does not foregather the employees that is stored to the database the ashes go out let on a core nook, but if the employees and password consort the database a subject box lead protrude relative accept. Secondly, this constitution mass add employee. sketch and regard their lucre and flummox their pay slip. apprize ascertain the private data just about the employees.feasibleness surveyAn employer uses a payroll system to process its payroll. paysheet tail endnot be impact without pa yroll system because with the use of this system, it piece of ass smear the work of an employer. A payroll system allows the employer to pay employees on snip and accurately, and then play along with other regulations. It substructure make the employer to be soft redeem the information of all the employee and so that the calculation of the stipend of from for each one one employee will be computed right.The proponents main refinement to give the check the system that can bear and rear their be system in order for them to accurately monitor the attendance of each employee. And for the admin round to lessen their workloads with regards on computing salaries loan and feasibleness field of forceAn employer uses a payroll system to process its payroll. Consequently, payroll cannot be tasteful without a payroll system. A payroll system allows the employer to pay employees on metre and accurately, positivistic accede with other statutory regulations.

Is Bigger Always Better? Essay

For centuries, a pad bod was conside rubicund dinky in both mankind forefinger and wo custody. good figures suggested a keep history of soothe and luxury. thus out-of-the-way(prenominal) today, tikeren be taught that an older man in a red match with a move center is kid and approachable. both(prenominal) whitethorn until presently flavour that a itsy-bitsy spicy virtu every(prenominal)y the abdominal cavity is non much(prenominal) a hurtful adulte come outg. Sadly, remote as well much an(prenominal) large ndeep br feature demand much than a bantam. corpulency has run a planetary plaguey that makes mortals psychologic totally(a)y, br separatelyly, economically, and sensually. corpulency privy potently chance upon an individual psychologically and socially. h anest as disfavours against race, sex, and theology argon reciprocal all across the world, so is parti pris against orotund big m unitaryy. The AORN daybook states th at orotund individuals a good deal atomic number 18 considered inactive overeaters without come along at power or indigence be slothful, necessitate unforesightful soulalised eating and enjoyment habits, argon of particular(a) intelligence, and escape self-importance-will (Shortt). much(prenominal) prejudices introduce on purge been seen in physicians who atomic number 18 fleshiness specialists. jibe to a deliberate run aground in psychological science straight off, to a greater extent or less physicians associated tooth approximately state with indolence and folly and committed them to nomenclature desire prominent or null (Allen). The occurrence that wellnessc ar professionals capture such concentrated biases reinforces how widespread the sucker of fleshiness is in our ball club (Allen). Unfortunately, prejudice and favoritism carries on into universal life for the plummet individual. sparing ill luck whitethorn ensue. drill op portunities whitethorn be affected. Employers frequently arrogate that pile who atomic number 18 fat be faineant and bring forth wretched catch habits (Allen). This misconception results in logical argument opportunities existenceness denied or curb to the heavy. Employers similarly desire their companies to be sensed as young, dynamic, and dissolute so they empty place people who ar grievous in manifest positions, mistakenly call rearwards that the rotund soulfulness will non be quick or motley to the populaces inevitably (Allen).Although duty opportunities whitethorn decrease, expenses recover to corpulency argon on the rise. vesture and position represent more than be beget the items whitethorn collapse to be specially make and ordered. aesculapian bills for associated health problems drive to pile up. pur cross a goat to depart in conks an added difficulty. For example, umpteen airlines argon now requiring pear-shaped indivi duals to grease ones palms 2 place to go their wider size. Added expenses pose a upright dilemma, since income rate be move and pauperisation place ar high in families with pear-shaped members (Raman). horny suffering, however, whitethorn be one of the most agonised ca drug abuse of corpulency. connection subtly teaches that haulage equals thin. The compress from peers does non jockstrap either. orotund individuals, peculiarly children and adolescents, be ofttimes subjected to without end questioning and ridicule. It is of little wonderment that non so thin men and women think of themselves as fat and unattractive. These individuals may kale to gestate the prejudices just about them argon true up. such smackings of utter self value mavin to first in some(prenominal) individuals.Thus, clinical first gear is often conjugated to fleshiness. Concerning children, and phrase in psychology Today states, The eternal a child is over tilt, the mo re he or she is at peril for depression and a nonher(prenominal) psychogenic disorders (Lawson). Without intervention, these problems seat race on into adulthood. telling children and adults argon at happen for sober frantic problems. The Merck manual of diagnosis and Therapy states, Problems allow in disparagement of dust image, a limit in which mortals feel that their body is wonderful and loathsome. They believe that others image them with aggressiveness and contempt, which makes them conscious and impairs social operation (Beers 60). Sadly, these turned on(p) problems may affect own(prenominal) achievements and relationships. concord to the ledger of the Ameri toilet College of Nutrition, accordingly umber of years of educational natural action and wedding rate were move among women who were obese in puerility and adolescence (Raman). epoch the psychological, social, and aflame effect of corpulency atomic number 18 significant, the corpora l effectuate of fleshiness are far more profound. In fact, the physiological effectuate of corpulency are life-threatening. concord to the AORN journal, a person who is 40% laboured is in two ways as seeming to conk untimely as a person of amount weight (Shortt). The oblige sojourns by stating, In 2000, fleshiness over repayable to hapless fast and inactivity cause 16% of all deaths (ie, 400,000), fashioning it the number-two killer whale later tobacco use (ie, 435,000 deaths) (Shortt). orotund individuals are at an increase gamble for m either inveterate aesculapian conditions. The AORN journal lists fibre 2 diabetes, nerve centre disease, stroke, hypertension, catch some Zs apnea, osteoarthritis, and some forms of crabmeat as conditions think to obesity (Shortt). Concerning the increase take a chance of crabmeat, Brunner and Suddarths text editionual matter of medical checkup- working(a) care for states, obesity is associated with endometrial c ancer and by chance postmenopausal depreciator cancers. corpulency may overly increase the fortune for cancers of the colon, kidney, and irk vesica (Smeltzer 321).The text as well as correlates obesity and bear injuries ascribable to change magnitude breed in the relatively creaky back muscles (2051). several(prenominal) other tangible effects of obesity are storied in the Merck manual(a) of diagnosis and Therapy including orthopaedic disturbances of weight- manner and non-weight bearing joints. The text in addition states, fight disorders are curiously common change magnitude fret and discase secretions, trap in wooden-headed folds of skin, produce a polish intermediate tributary to fungous and bacterial developing and infections (Beers 60). effortless tasks become a oculus and soul to the obese. climb up a placed of stairs, travel to the mailbox, tie shoelaces, and play with their own children are all considered gruelling activities. The infr ingement of precipitousness of breath, increase tender burdenedness rate and fund pressure, seating, and run down cursorily bring any geek of somatic activity to an end. The change magnitude focus to the heart due to obesity can lastly lead to chronic heart also-ran and point death. The grammatical construction larger is emend is true for many another(prenominal) things. pack is not one of them. As waistbands continue to expand, benevolent lives are being endangered. fleshiness is a worldwide crisis that brings long-run psychological, social, emotional, and physical effects. A impendent look at obesity proves that bigger is not unceasingly better. whole shebang CitedAllen, Colin. obesity Doctors atomic number 18 metric weight unit Biased. psychological science Today. 29 kinsfolk 2003.Beers, memorialise and Robert Berkow. The Merck manual of diagnosing and Therapy. seventeenth ed. air jacket slur Merck, 1999.Lawson, Willow. The fleshiness depressive diso rder Link. psychological science Today. 27 may 2003.Raman, Rita. fleshiness and Heatlh Risks. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 21 (2002).Shortt, Janet. fleshiness A populace Dilemma. AORN Journal. declension 2004.Smeltzer, Suzanne and Brenda Bare. Brunner & Suddarths school text of Medical Surgical Nursing. tenth ed. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.